Mitragynine (Kratom)
Total reports
1,452
Deaths
714
Hospitalizations
362
% with death outcome
49%
Top reported reactions (5)
- Toxicity to various agents
- Drug abuse
- Drug dependence
- Drug interaction
- Death
Source: FAERS line listing provided by MAHA.
Important context: FAERS is a spontaneous reporting system. Reports are not proof of causation and may be incomplete or duplicative. Even so, they help identify safety signals and trends that deserve public attention.
Tianeptine
Total reports
572
Deaths
76
Hospitalizations
414
% with death outcome
13%
Top reported reactions (5)
- Drug interaction
- Toxicity to various agents
- Fall
- Overdose
- Confusional state
Source: FAERS line listing provided by MAHA.
4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid (Phenibut)
Total reports
85
Deaths
15
Hospitalizations
65
% with death outcome
18%
Top reported reactions (5)
- Toxicity to various agents
- Drug abuse
- Withdrawal syndrome
- Drug dependence
- Drug interaction
Note: Phenibut may appear as “4-amino” in FAERS. Source: FAERS line listing provided by MAHA.
Nitrous Oxide
Total reports
1,458
Deaths
210
Hospitalizations
582
% with death outcome
14%
Top reported reactions (5)
- Drug abuse
- Subacute combined cord degeneration
- Cardiac arrest
- Drug interaction
- Toxicity to various agents
Source: FAERS line listing provided by MAHA.
- Counts reflect what reporters submitted; one case can list multiple products and reactions.
- Death and hospitalization fields represent outcomes checked by the reporter.
- Under-reporting is common; conversely, media attention can increase reporting for a product.