Opioid-like
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)
Mechanism, poison centers, deaths, DDIs, liver, seizures, perinatal.
MOR agonist
Tianeptine
Outbreaks, ED/fatal cases, IV use, dependence, B/N treatment.
GABAΒ + α2δ
Phenibut
Psychosis/delirium, withdrawal, fatalities, baclofen tapers.
Pediatrics
THC (Children & Teens)
Dose threshold, edible exposures, ED surges, Δ8 cases, CHS.
B12 inactivation
Nitrous Oxide (N₂O)
Myeloneuropathy, MMA/homocysteine, MRI, ED care, pathways.
Muscimol / Ibotenic acid
Amanita muscaria
Clinical patterns, severe cases, urine assays, management.